High Tunnels for Small Farms

When I first started my small farm, I was constantly looking for ways to maximize productivity and extend the growing season. That’s when I discovered high tunnels—a game-changer for small-scale farming. High tunnels are simple, cost-effective structures that protect crops from harsh weather, extend the growing season, and improve yields. Over time, I’ve learned how to use high tunnels effectively to grow healthier crops and increase my farm’s profitability.

If you’re a small farm owner looking to take your operation to the next level, you’re in the right place. In this guide, I’ll walk you through everything you need to know about high tunnels, from choosing the right structure to managing crops inside. Let’s dive in!

What Are High Tunnels?

High tunnels, also known as hoop houses, are semi-circular or square structures covered with polyethylene plastic. They are unheated and rely on natural sunlight to create a controlled environment for crops.

Benefits of High Tunnels:

Extend the growing season by protecting crops from frost and cold temperatures.
Improve crop quality and yield by shielding plants from wind, rain, and pests.
Reduce the need for chemical inputs like pesticides and herbicides.
Provide a cost-effective alternative to traditional greenhouses.

Step 1: Choosing the Right High Tunnel

There are several types of high tunnels to choose from, each with its own unique features. Here’s what to consider:

Types of High Tunnels

Gothic Arch: Features a pointed roof that sheds snow and rain more effectively.
Quonset: Has a rounded roof and is easier to construct.
Flat Roof: Offers more headroom and better air circulation.

Size and Location

Size: Choose a size that fits your farm’s needs and budget. Common sizes range from 14’ x 24’ to 30’ x 96’.
Location: Select a site with good drainage, full sun exposure, and easy access to water and electricity.

Step 2: Building Your High Tunnel

Building a high tunnel is a manageable DIY project, or you can hire a professional for installation.

Materials Needed

Frame: Galvanized steel or PVC pipes.
Covering: UV-resistant polyethylene plastic.
Anchors: Ground posts or concrete footings to secure the structure.

Construction Steps

Prepare the site by leveling the ground and marking the layout.
Assemble the frame according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Secure the frame with anchors to withstand wind and snow loads.
Stretch the plastic covering over the frame and secure it with wiggle wire or clips.

Step 3: Managing Your High Tunnel

Proper management is key to getting the most out of your high tunnel.

Ventilation

Use roll-up sides or roof vents to regulate temperature and humidity.
Install fans or exhaust systems for better air circulation.

Irrigation

Drip irrigation is ideal for high tunnels, as it conserves water and reduces disease risk.
Install a rainwater collection system to supplement your water supply.

Soil Health

Rotate crops to prevent soil-borne diseases and nutrient depletion.
Add compost or organic matter to improve soil fertility.

Step 4: Choosing Crops for Your High Tunnel

High tunnels are versatile and can be used to grow a wide variety of crops.

Best Crops for High Tunnels

Leafy Greens: Lettuce, spinach, and kale thrive in cooler temperatures.
Tomatoes and Peppers: Benefit from the extended growing season and protection from pests.
Strawberries: Produce higher yields and better-quality fruit.
Herbs: Basil, cilantro, and parsley grow well in controlled environments.

Crop Rotation

Rotate crops to prevent disease buildup and maintain soil health.
Use cover crops during the off-season to improve soil fertility.

Step 5: Extending the Growing Season

One of the biggest advantages of high tunnels is the ability to extend the growing season.

Early Spring

Start seeds indoors and transplant them into the high tunnel as soon as the soil is workable.
Use row covers or frost blankets for added protection.

Late Fall

Plant cold-hardy crops like kale, carrots, and radishes for a late-season harvest.
Use heaters or thermal mass (like water barrels) to retain heat during cold nights.

Step 6: Maintaining Your High Tunnel

Regular maintenance ensures your high tunnel remains functional and productive.

Cleaning

Wash the plastic covering annually to maximize light transmission.
Remove debris and weeds from the interior to prevent pests and diseases.

Repairs

Inspect the frame and covering regularly for damage.
Replace worn or torn plastic to maintain a controlled environment.

Final Thoughts

High tunnels are a valuable investment for small farms, offering a cost-effective way to boost productivity and extend the growing season. With the right planning and management, you can grow healthier crops, increase yields, and improve your farm’s profitability. So go ahead, explore the possibilities of high tunnels, and take your small farm to new heights!