How to Grow Sorghum-Sudan Grass as a Cover Crop

When I first started using cover crops on my farm, I was amazed at how much they improved my soil health and reduced erosion. Among the many options, Sorghum-Sudan grass quickly became one of my favorites. This versatile, fast-growing grass is not only easy to cultivate but also offers numerous benefits for your soil and overall farm ecosystem.

If you’re considering adding Sorghum-Sudan grass to your cover crop rotation, you’re in the right place. In this guide, I’ll walk you through everything you need to know about growing Sorghum-Sudan grass, from planting to termination. Let’s dive in!

Why Grow Sorghum-Sudan Grass as a Cover Crop?

Sorghum-Sudan grass is a hybrid of sorghum and Sudan grass, known for its rapid growth and deep root system. Here’s why it’s a great choice for a cover crop:

Soil Health: Improves soil structure and adds organic matter.
Erosion Control: Reduces soil erosion with its dense root system.
Weed Suppression: Outcompetes weeds for nutrients and sunlight.
Drought Tolerance: Thrives in hot, dry conditions.

Step 1: Choose the Right Time to Plant

Timing is crucial for maximizing the benefits of Sorghum-Sudan grass.

Ideal Planting Time

Warm Season: Plant in late spring to early summer when soil temperatures reach at least 60°F.
Frost-Free Period: Ensure a frost-free growing period of 60-90 days.

Tips for Timing

Monitor soil temperatures using a soil thermometer.
Avoid planting too early, as cold soil can delay germination.

Step 2: Prepare the Soil

Proper soil preparation ensures good seed-to-soil contact and optimal growth.

Soil Preparation Steps

Clear the Area: Remove weeds and debris from the planting area.
Till the Soil: Lightly till the soil to a depth of 2-3 inches.
Test the Soil: Check soil pH and nutrient levels; aim for a pH of 6.0-7.0.

Tips for Soil Prep

Add compost or organic matter to improve soil fertility.
Ensure the soil is well-draining to prevent waterlogging.

Step 3: Plant the Seeds

Planting Sorghum-Sudan grass is straightforward, but proper technique is key.

Planting Basics

Seed Rate: Use 20-40 pounds of seed per acre.
Depth: Plant seeds 1-1.5 inches deep.
Spacing: Space rows 6-12 inches apart.

Planting Tips

Use a seed drill or broadcast seeder for even distribution.
Lightly cover the seeds with soil and firm the ground to ensure good contact.

Step 4: Water and Fertilize

Sorghum-Sudan grass is drought-tolerant but benefits from consistent moisture and nutrients.

Watering

Initial Watering: Water thoroughly after planting to encourage germination.
Ongoing Watering: Provide 1-2 inches of water per week, depending on rainfall.

Fertilizing

Nitrogen: Apply 50-100 pounds of nitrogen per acre to promote vigorous growth.
Phosphorus and Potassium: Use based on soil test recommendations.

Tips for Watering and Fertilizing

Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to conserve water.
Apply fertilizer in split applications for better nutrient uptake.

Step 5: Monitor Growth

Regular monitoring helps you catch any issues early and ensure healthy growth.

Growth Stages

Germination: Seeds should sprout within 7-10 days.
Vegetative Growth: Rapid growth occurs in the first 4-6 weeks.
Maturity: Plants reach full height (6-12 feet) in 60-90 days.

Tips for Monitoring

Check for signs of pests or disease, such as yellowing leaves or stunted growth.
Measure plant height and density to assess growth progress.

Step 6: Terminate the Cover Crop

Terminating Sorghum-Sudan grass at the right time is crucial for maximizing its benefits.

Termination Methods

Mowing: Cut the plants down to 6-12 inches and allow them to decompose.
Rolling/Crimping: Use a roller-crimper to flatten and kill the plants.
Herbicides: Apply a non-selective herbicide if necessary.

Tips for Termination

Terminate before the plants set seed to prevent volunteer growth.
Incorporate the biomass into the soil to improve organic matter.

Step 7: Rotate and Reap the Benefits

After terminating the cover crop, you’ll notice improved soil health and structure.

Benefits of Sorghum-Sudan Grass

Soil Structure: Enhanced by the deep root system.
Organic Matter: Increased from decomposing plant material.
Erosion Control: Reduced due to dense ground cover.

Tips for Rotation

Follow with a cash crop that benefits from improved soil conditions.
Rotate with legumes to fix nitrogen and further enhance soil fertility.

Final Thoughts

Growing Sorghum-Sudan grass as a cover crop is a simple yet effective way to improve your soil health, control erosion, and boost your farm’s productivity. With the right planning and care, you can enjoy the many benefits this versatile grass has to offer. So go ahead, plant some Sorghum-Sudan grass, and watch your soil thrive!